Anti-nuclear antibody / factor (ANA / ANF), IFA (HEp-2) Test

Anti-Nuclear Antibody HEP-2 Overview

The Antinuclear Antibodies HEp 2 IFA test performed using HEp-2 cells through the Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA), is a crucial diagnostic method for detecting autoimmune diseases. Recognized as the gold standard for ANA testing, the HEp-2 IFA offers exceptional sensitivity and the ability to observe distinct staining patterns.

This test identifies antibodies that target nuclear and cytoplasmic components that are frequently associated with autoimmune conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjögren’s syndrome, scleroderma, and mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD).

HEp-2 cells, derived from a human laryngeal carcinoma cell line, present a wide range of nuclear and cytoplasmic antigens, enabling the visualization of specific fluorescent patterns that aid in diagnosis.

Why is Anti-Nuclear Antibody HEP2 Test performed?

One of the reasons doctors prescribe ANA antinuclear antibodies hep 2 ifa helps diagnose autoimmune disorders by identifying specific antibodies known as autoantibodies. These antibodies mistakenly attack the body’s healthy cells, treating them as harmful invaders. An elevated presence of antinuclear antibodies in the body is often associated with various autoimmune conditions. This test is commonly advised for individuals showing signs of autoimmune disease or those already diagnosed with an immune-related health condition.

Components of Anti-Nuclear Antibody HEP-2

The ANA antinuclear antibodies Hep 2 IFA interpretation helps to know the condition and get the treatment accordingly. If the test result is positive, it means there are antinuclear antibodies present in the blood. If the test result is negative, there are no antinuclear antibodies present in the blood.

How is Anti-Nuclear Antibody HEP2 Test Conducted?

In the ANA HEp-2 IFA test, the patient's serum is first incubated with fixed HEp-2 cells mounted on a slide. If antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are present, they bind to specific nuclear or cytoplasmic antigens within the cells. A fluorescent-labeled secondary antibody, typically anti-human IgG, is then introduced to bind to the ANA. The slide is examined under a fluorescence microscope to detect the presence of ANA, determine its titre, and observe the characteristic staining patterns, which can provide important diagnostic clues.

Preparation and Perquisites

To undergo the ANA hep 2 test, there is no need for preparation. However, certain medications such as birth control pills, procainamide and thiazide diuretics can influence the accuracy of this test. It's important to inform your healthcare provider about all the medications you are currently taking.