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The dihydrorhodamine (DHR) flow cytometry test is conducted using a diagnostic tool that assesses the functional activity of neutrophils, a kind of white blood cell required for immune defence. This test is useful for diagnosing chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), a rare inherited immunodeficiency disorder characterized by neutrophils' inability to adequately create reactive oxygen species (ROS) required to destroy certain germs and fungus. The DHR flow cytometry test measures neutrophil oxidative bursts using flow cytometry technology, which detects the conversion of dihydrorhodamine, a non-fluorescent molecule, when exposed to reactive oxygen species within activated cells.
One of the reasons to undergo this test is that it helps in diagnosing Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD). It measures the oxidative burst, producing Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) which helps destroying fungus and bacteria. Further, the DHR flow cytometry test helps in predicting the effect of CGD and identifying patients getting benefited with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Early diagnosis of any issue through this test can help in getting medical intervention.
The clinician uses Dihydrorhodamine, a chemical that penetrates neutrophils and fluoresces when oxidized. A stimulant, typically phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), is utilized to cause an oxidative burst in neutrophils. The test sample is then evaluated with a flow cytometer, a laser-based device that detects the fluorescence intensity of thousands of individual cells. A lack of fluorescence or a decreased reaction indicates a breakdown in the oxidative burst pathway, which is diagnostic of CGD.
The procedure of DHR flow cytometry is like others. The clinician draws blood from an arm vein as the first step in the DHR flow cytometry test. The blood sample is obtained and treated with PMA to excite the neutrophils. Dihydrorhodamine is then added, and the mixture is left to activate the cells and oxidize the dye. The collected blood sample is fed through a flow cytometer, which examines each cell for fluorescence. The results are evaluated by comparing the fluorescence intensity of the patient's neutrophils to that of the healthy control.
1) What is Dihydrorhodamine Flow Cytometry Test used for?
Ans: The test is conducted to measure the intracellular reactive oxygen species in neutrophils and works as a diagnostic evaluation.
2) Why do doctors recommend undergoing the flow cytometry test?
Ans: This testing is done to check the overall types of immune cells and characterize the cancer cells.
3) Is this test conducted on newborns?
Yes, there is no restriction in conducting the DHR test, including newborns. It also helps in diagnosing CGD.