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Urine Routine Examination

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Urine Physicalchemical & Microscopic Examinations

A urine routine examination is a test of urine that checks the appearance, concentration, and content of urine.

Why is the routine urine examination prescribed?

A routine urine test is used to check and manage a wide range of disorders such as to diagnose of-

Urine routine test has three parts

Mid-stream urine should be collected, not at the beginning nor at the end.

Microscopic

These values are for theoretical reference and may vary from laboratory to laboratory and person to person.

Physical examination – To evaluate the urine for color and appearance.
Chemical examination – To evaluate
- pH of urine. An abnormal pH signifies kidney stones, urinary infections, chronic kidney disease, or certain kidney disorders.
- Protein signifies damage of kidney’s filtering unit by kidney disease.
- Sugar signifies diabetes.
- Pus cells are signs of infection.
- Bilirubin signifies liver disease.
- Blood indicates renal stones and requires further evaluation.
- Creatinine gives an estimate of the concentration of the urine.
- Nitrites or leukocyte esterase signifies urinary tract infection.
Microscopic examination - This includes examining a small amount of urine under a microscope, which evaluates & look for the following
- Red blood cells indicate kidney diseases that damage the kidneys, kidney stones, infections, bladder cancer, or a blood disorder like sickle cell disease.
- White blood cells indicate an infection or inflammation in the kidneys, bladder, or other areas.
- Bacteria indicates an infection in the body.
- Crystals may signify kidney stones.
- Casts may form as a result of kidney disorders.